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Platform and educational purposes Pancasila
 * CHAPTER I**
 * INTRODUCTION**

1.1 Background

Facing the era of economic globalization, the threat of latent danger of terrorism, communism and fundamentalism is a challenge for the Indonesian nation. Recently the Indonesian people should be aware of ethnic groupings in Indonesia that is now stronger, ie when the nation was again tested by the influence foreign-boxed in a box not only by vertical conflict but also by the views of the deity the Almighty.

Philosophy of Pancasila as the Indonesian nation is a major work of the Indonesian nation and is a symbol of Indonesian national ideology that level as the major ideology in the world. The Indonesian nation to use Pancasila as a guide living in everyday life, society, nation and state. Pancasila is also used as guidance in the implementation of the government.

Indonesian history has been noted that among the figures that the formulator of Pancasila is, Mr. Mohammad Yamin, Prof.. Mr. Soepomo, and Ir. Sukarno. Can be put forward why it is sacred and the Pancasila can always withstand the shocks of political disputes in the country This, the first is because it is intrinsically contained in Pancasila tolerance, and who challenged the Pancasila means he opposes tolerance.

Thus the state philosophy of Pancasila as the basis for Indonesia aims for Indonesian citizens to respect, cherish, maintain and run what has been done by the heroes, especially heroes proclamation who have fought for the independence of Indonesia. So that both young and old groups still believe in Pancasila as the Indonesian state without any hesitation in order to strengthen national unity and the country of Indonesia.

Pancasila learning in greater depth is very important to develop the nation of Indonesia. Therefore our group is very interested in dig deeper into the foundation and purpose of education Pancasila.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is the basis and purpose Pancasila education foundation that includes historical, cultural foundation, a juridical foundation, philosophical foundation, the Indonesian national objectives, national education goals, objectives Pancasila education, competence is expected of college education Pancasila is it?

1.3 Objectives

1. Gives light and understanding to students about the foundation and purpose of Pancasila education foundation that includes historical, cultural foundation, a juridical foundation, philosophical foundation, the Indonesian national objectives, national education goals, objectives Pancasila education, competence is expected of college education Pancasila.

1.4. Benefits

By reading the papers that we drafted, is expected we could take advantage, which then leads us to a good understanding of Pancasila education foundation and purpose, so that we can better love and appreciate the philosophy of Pancasila as the Indonesian nation and can practice it in public life and state to be able to create an advanced Indonesian.


 * CHAPTER II**
 * DISCUSSION**

2.1 **Historical Basis**

Every field of activity being pursued by human beings to progress, in general, is associated also with how the state of that field in the past. Similarly, in education, educational experts before handling it, they first check history of education both nationally and the international.

This way they know what has been done by his people and the results obtained, they also check whether it is appropriate to the circumstances or the purpose of education today. For additional materials, they also seek information on educational history of the world.

a. **History of Education** World

Age the world has a long history of education at all. Starting from the time of Hellenism in 150SM-500, to the days of the mid-year 500-1500, the era or the Renaissance humanism and the Reformation and the Counter Reformation in the 1600s. Education at this age has not been much to contribute to education today.

Education is beginning to show existence of differences with previous education is education since the time of Realism. At the time of Realism education directed at the life of the world, and comes from the state of the world as well. The movement is driven by the development of natural sciences, such as new discoveries in astronomy of the planets and the earth around the sun as well as discoveries of new regions in around the world.

People - education leaders Realism is Francis Bacon's era who developed an inductive method, Johann Amos Comenius famous with his book "The door is open to Language", "Great Books didactic" and "Image World." After the era of realism developed understanding with the character John Locke's Rationalism in the 18th century. Flow It aims to provide power for people to think for themselves and act for herself. Is the famous theory of leon Tabularasa or sheet of paper.

Still century -18 appears also a new stream of Naturalists in reaction to the rationalist stream. Character is JJ. Rousseau. Naturalism against an unnatural life as a result of Rationalism, such as refined lifestyle, way of life made-up, up to corruption.

Age of developmentalism developed in the 19th century that saw the education process as a process of mental development so that the flow is referred to as the flow of psychological education. Store-flow figures are Pestalozzi, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Friedrich Wilhelm kindergarten in Germany, and Stanley Hall in the United States.

Age developmentalism followed by age of nationalism in the 19th - century. This understanding emerged as an effort to form a patriot, patriot nation, defend the nation from imperialist. His characters include La Chalotais in France, Fichte in Germany and Jefferson in the United States.

- 19th century characterized by liberalism and positivism. In this age of schools used as a tool to strengthen the position of rulers. Who are a lot of knowledge, he is in power.

As a reaction to the impact of liberalism, positivism, and individualism emerges in the social flow of education in the 20th century. The characters are Paul Natorp and George Kerschensteiner in Germany and John Dewey in the United States. Figures on this flow of the opinion that the public has a more essential meaning than the individual, therefore schools should be devoted to social purposes.

Besides the names above figures are also well-known educator in the 20th century Maria Montessori is known as free education, Ovide Decroly known as globalization system and centers of interest, and Hellen Parkhurst, known as schools under the name Dalton system of education which is individualized, may memlih own lessons that liked to take precedence, take the initiative themselves and work to follow his own pace.

b. **History of Education Indonesia**

History of education in Indonesia has been long enough. Education that has existed since ancient times then forwarded to the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism, to the influence of Islamic religion, education colonial times, until the time of independence education.

The characters of educators at the time of independence was Mohammed who founded the school Syafei INS (Indonesisch Nederlanse School), Ki beat Dewantara who founded Taman Siswa in Yogyakarta, and KH. Ahmad Dahlan, who founded the organization Islamic religion in 1912 in Yogyakarta, which later developed into a college Muhammadiyah.

c. **Period of National Struggle**

Indonesian struggle for establishing an independent nation and filling it in order to be victorious is very long. Struggle is a nation that does not begin with the establishment of regional Budi Utomo in 1908 pioneered by Wahidin. One of the efforts of this organization is to mendidirkan private schools, to turn and garner a sense of nationhood, love their own culture, to preserve and develop it.

The struggle continued with the Youth Pledge did in 1928. From the contents of the oath is seen that the unity of the Indonesian nation stronger. When the physical struggle ended, then form of value - the value of 45 has been crystallized and become clearer. This is one of the most important pieces of the history of the struggle of the Indonesian nation. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesian struggle continues. But there is a positive side of the Japanese colonial era including: providing military education, remove the Dutch colonial dualism, use of Indonesian widely. Thirdly it gives convenience to our nation, especially the fighters, to realize the independence of Indonesia that finally become a reality on August 17, 1945.

d. **Period of Development**

In this period of development carried out simultaneously in various fields, both spiritual and material. In the field of education developed link and match the concept of linkage and kepadanan who made operasioanl strategy to improve the relevance of education. Link means that education has a functional relationship with the market needs, while the match means that graduates are able to meet the demands of the users.

In addition to the above policy also some educational innovations have made them learn PPSP is tried out with the module, SD officials, Elementary Instruction, etc.. Development in the field of education still faces many obstacles because the new assessed quantitatively managed but not in terms of qualitative. Can be seen from the emergence of juvenile delinquency, rampant collusion in various circles, and high levels of corruption. Success in education that stand out are: the high public awareness to carry out teaching religion, national unity remains under control and increased economic growth.

e. **Period of Reform**

Once the new order fell in 1998 people feel more free to express called for reforms to change things for the better. However, more impressed than the fight for freedom to pursue the reform program itself. While the economic conditions getting worse, unemployment and poverty increased sharply, all of which rocketed the opportunity to commit crime.

Although it begins with the description of the all negative but circumstances could change gradually in perlan-land. Preceded by the Amendment Act of education, and establishment of community groups to assist independent capable of self-education for so-called Board of Education at the city or district and school committees at the school level.

The instruments to achieve decentralization of education has also grown as SBM (school-based management), Life Skills and TQM (total quality management), although the implementation has been hampered in human resource issues and lack of funds.

A very prominent in the era of democracy is the democratic education of the Indonesian people have a lot of progress with direct presidential election held on tahun2004, whole process is safe, smoothly and successfully into the political lessons of pride for the nation.


 * Cultural Platform** 2.2

Culture and education have reciprocal relationship, because culture can be preserved or developed by passing the path of culture from generation to generation by way of education both formal and nonformal.

Members of the public trying to make changes to suit the times so that primary education and family.

Every nation in the world in live in a society, nation and state always has a view of life, philosophy of life and handle life so as not to be swayed in the community association arena. Every nation has a characteristic and a different outlook on life with other nations. State of communism and liberalism put his country on a basic philosophy of a certain ideological concepts, such as communism based on ideology.

Unlike other nations, the Indonesian nation based on his views in society on a national and state-owned and cultural principles inherent in the nation itself. The values ​​of state and society that the precepts contained in Pancasila is not only a result of one's conceptual only. Rather it is an great works of Indonesian nation itself is raised from the cultural values ​​held by the Indonesian people themselves through a process of philosophical refletosi of our founding fathers.

Like Sukarno, M. Yamin, M. Hatta, Supomo and other founding fathers. The only major work of Indonesia which is parallel with the work of other nations in the world is thinking about the nation and state based on a principle view of life that values ​​precepts contained in the Pancasila. Therefore, the future generation, especially in intellectual circles to explore the campus is supposed to dynamically self-development in accordance with the guidance of the times.

View of life of a nation is something that can not be dilepaspisahkan of life nation concerned. Nations that do not have a view of life is a nation that has no identity (identity) and personality, so it will easily be swayed in living their lives, especially at times when facing various challenges and good influences that come from outside as well as emerging from within, especially in this era of globalization today.

Pancasila as a way of life of Indonesia is the nation's identity and personality which is the crystallization of the values ​​that live and thrive in a culture of Indonesian society itself by having the nature of openness so that it can adapt itself with and against the times in addition to the internal dynamics in the process of selective adaptation what he did. Thus, the future generation to enrich the values ​​of Pancasila in accordance with the level of development and challenges of the times that it faces, especially in science and technology excellence without losing its identity.

2.3 Juridical Basis

Juridical basis is a foundation based on rules created after the negotiation, parley. Juridical basis Pancasila contained in paragraph IV of the Preamble the Constitution "45, among others, in it there is the formulation of the precepts of Pancasila as the basis for legitimate state as follows: 1. Belief in God Almighty. 2. A just and civilized humanity. 3. Indonesian Association of article 1, 32, 36. 4. Led by populist wisdom of representative deliberation. 5. Justice social for all Indonesian people.

Torso 1945 was a juridical basis for the constitutional basis of the state contained in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution and further elaborated in detail in chapters and verses contained in the Body of the 1945 Constitution. The description contained in the trunk of the 1945 Constitution as follows:

1) First Sila Article 29 paragraph (1) 1945 Constitution: the State is based upon belief in one supreme God. Paragraph (2) UUD 1945: The state guarantees freedom of each citizen to embrace their religious teachings and to worship according to his religion or belief.

2) Sila second Article 27 paragraph (1) 1945 Constitution: All citizens have an equal position within the law and shall be obligated danPemerintahan Law and Government that, without exception. Paragraph (2) UUD 1945: Every citizen has the right to decent work and livelihood for humanity.

3) The third Precept Article 30 paragraph (1): Every citizen is entitled and required to participate in the defense of state enterprises.

4) The fourth Sila Section 22E: Elections are held in a direct, free, confidential, honest and fair manner once every five years.

5) The fifth Sila Article 33 paragraph (1): The Economy is prepared as a joint effort, based upon the principle of kinship. Paragraph (2): Branches of production which is important for the State and which are fundamental for the many public needs ruled hudup crowd controlled by the State. Paragraph (3): Land and water and natural resources contained in dalammya controlled by the State and used for the greatest prosperity of the people.

2.4 **Philosophical Foundation**

Landsan philosophical foundation is based on philosophy or outlook on life. Pancasila is the basic philosophy of the state. In the aspect of state administration must be based on the values ​​of Pancasila, including legislation and regulatory systems.

In ancient times when the nation of Indonesia has not set up as a nation state is the only berketuhanan and human one, it is based on that human beings are creatures of God, and in the Hindu kingdoms was the nation that has embraced faith in God Almighty.

The values ​​contained in the formulation of the precepts of Pancasila is the nation's philosophy Indonesia, which has been growing, alive and thriving long before the founding of the Republic of Indonesia. Therefore, the Pancasila was already a moral imperative to consistently make it happen in every aspect of society, nation and state.

This is based on a reality philosophically and objectively that the Indonesian people in social life and state based on the values ​​contained in the precepts of Pancasila which philosophically is the philosophy of Indonesia prior to statehood.

Philosophically, the Indonesian nation before founding as a nation state is a berketuhanan and human one, this is based on objective fact that humans are creatures of God Almighty. Absolute requirement a country is the unity brought about as a people (a constituent state), so philosophically berpersatuan country and consequently berkerakyatan ontologism people is the foundation of democracy, because people are the origin of state power On the basis of these philosophical understanding of life then the values ​​of Pancasila state is the basic philosophy countries.

Consequently in every aspect of state administration must stem from the values ​​of Pancasila including legislation system in Indonesia. Therefore, in the realization of the state included in the current reform process is a necessity that Pancasila is a source of good value in the implementation of state in national development, economic, political, legal, social, cultural, and defense and security.

2.5 **National Objectives of the Indonesian Nation**

National goals stated in the opening of the Indonesian 1945 Constitution: 1. Forming a government of the Republic of Indonesia that protect the whole Indonesian nation and the entire country of Indonesia. 2. Promote the general welfare or shared. 3. Intellectual life of the nation 4. Participate actively and participate in the conduct of world order based on freedom, lasting peace and social kedilan.

National goals such as the Indonesian people who termaktuf in the Preamble to the Constitution of 1945 is to protect the whole Indonesian nation and the entire country of Indonesia and promote welfare general, the intellectual life of the nation and participate implement world order based on freedom, lasting peace and social justice.

To achieve national goals, held national development plans, meyeluruh, integrated, directional, and continuous. The national development objectives are to mewujudkam just and prosperous society based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution within the Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia an independent, sovereign, united, and berkedaulatan folk life of the nation in an atmosphere that is safe, peaceful, orderly and dynamic as well as in the social environment of the free world, friendly, orderly and peaceful.

To achieve national development goals are needed, among others, availability of resources human resources are strong, independent and qualified.

To achieve the goal nasionanal Indonesian government has made some policies include: providing funds BLT (direct cash assistance), the delivery of a minimum of 9-year compulsory school, the provision of funds BOS (School Operational Assistance), participate actively in international organizations like the UN, ASEAN, has entered ELECTION every five years, implementing regional autonomy, etc..

While we as students, we also can play an active role in realizing the national goal of Indonesia, among others, by adding insight into the archipelago so that we can get to know and love our country, and appreciate the culture and etnis.Dengan keanekaragamaan so Negara Indonesia will continue to stand firm until terwujudlah national ideals of Indonesia.

2.6 **Objectives of National Education**

National education is education based on Pancasila and the Constitution of Indonesia in 1945 is rooted in religious values, national culture of Indonesia and responsive to the demands of the changing times. To realize this goal required the struggle of the entire layer community. Education is a pillar of the establishment of the nation. Through education, people will be able to maintain dignity upright.

According to Plato, the task of education is to liberate and renew, escape from belebggu ignorance and unrighteousness, while according to Aristotle, the goal of education should be equal to destination countries. He said that the goal of education should be the same with the ultimate goal of forming same countries that have the main target pembuatan and preparation of law and should also equal with the main purpose of the constitution, namely the good life and are happy.

A derived Constitution "45 of Law No.20 of education set forth in the years 2003 Chapter II Article 3 states," National Education functions to develop skills and form nature and civilization of the nation with dignity in the framework of the intellectual life of the nation, aimed at developing students' potentials to become a man of faith and pious to God the Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent and become democratic citizens and responsible. "

Act No. 2, article 4 th 1989, the national education aims to develop the intellectual life of the nation and the whole Indonesian person, the man who believe and ward off against Almighty God and virtuous noble character, knowledge and skills, physical and spiritual health, independent and fair personality and sense of responsibility and civic nationalism. In the same article 15 article written secondary education held to continue and expand basic education and prepare students to be members of the public who have the ability reciprocal relationship with the social environment, culture and natural surroundings as well as to develop further skills in the workplace or higher education.

2.7 **Aims of Education Pancasila**

In Law no. 2 Year 1989 about the system of National Education and is also contained in the SK Director General of Higher Education. No.38/DIKTI/Kep/2003, explained that the goal of Education directs attention to the moral Pancasila expected embodied in everyday life, that is behavior that radiates faith and piety towards God Almighty in a society composed of various religious groups, cultural, and diverse interests, behaviors that support the populist who gave priority to common interests above the interests of individuals and groups so that differences of thought directed at the behavior that supports the efforts of social justice for all Indonesian people.

Pancasila education aims to produce learners who believe, and devoted to God Almighty, with attitudes and behavior:

1. Having the ability to take a responsible attitude in accordance with his conscience. 2. Having the ability to recognize the life and welfare issues and ways to solve. 3. Recognizing the changes and development of science, technology and art. 4. Having the ability to interpret historical events and cultural values nation for unity of Indonesia.

Through the Five Principles of Education, a citizen of the Republic of Indonesia are expected to understand, analyze and respond to the problems faced by the community people on an ongoing basis and consistently based on the ideals and objectives of the Indonesian nation.

2.8 **Competencies Expected From Pancasila Education Lecture**

Pancasila Education explained that the purpose of directing attention to the moral which is expected to manifest in everyday life, that is behavior that radiates faith and piety towards God Almighty in a society composed of various religious groups, cultures, and diverse interests, attitudes that support democracy that gave priority to common interests in above the interests of individuals and groups so that differences of thought directed at the behavior that supports the efforts of social justice for all Indonesian people.

Competencies expected of Pancasila education is defined as a set of action-oriented intellectuals full responsibility on students' competence in their respective professional fields. Competence of graduates Pancasila education is a set of intellectual action, full of responsibility as a citizen in solving various problems in the life of society, nation, and state by applying ideas based on the values ​​of Pancasila. Intellectual properties are reflected in the proficiency, accuracy and success of the act, the nature sdangkan full responsibility shown as a true act of judging from the aspect of science and technology, ethical or religious and cultural propriety.

Pancasila education aims to produce learners who believe, and devoted to God Almighty, with attitudes and behaviors:

1. Having the ability to take a responsible attitude in accordance with his conscience. 2. Having the ability to recognize the problems of life and well-being and ways to solve. 3. Recognizing the changes and development of science technology and arts. 4. Having the ability to interpret historical events and cultural values ​​of the nation for unity of Indonesia. Through the Five Principles of Education, a citizen of the Republic of Indonesia are expected to understand, analyze and answer the problems faced by the community people on an ongoing basis and consistently based on the ideals and objectives of the Indonesian nation.


 * CHAPTER III**
 * CONCLUSION**

Historical foundation is a foundation where every field of activity being pursued by every man to get ahead is associated with how the state of the field during the past. Indonesia can not be separated from the history of his people to see from Indonesia has a long history of education since the colonial period is very difficult to obtain a formal education is different now that everyone is entitled to receive education.

According to the foundation of cultural, culture and education have a reciprocal relationship because culture can preserved or developed by education. Pancasila as the Indonesian way of life, so from that Pancasila is called the Indonesian national identity. Thus, the future generation to enrich the values ​​of Pancasila to face the challenges in the days to come. Culture can also be referred to as a national identity for the Indonesian nation is rich in should we preserve the culture, then from that through education, culture will be preserved.

Pancasila is a constitutional juridical basis of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia which is described further in chapters and verses found in the trunk of the 1945 Constitution. This makes the Pancasila as the basis of state law that must be adhered to and reflected in everyday life. Therefore, the presence of Pancasila education learners are expected to produce a faithful and pious to God Almighty, just and civilized humane, and populist who gave priority to support efforts to achieve a social justice in society.

Pancasila is the source of education and guidance to deliver the nation students can develop their personality and can help realize the basic values ​​and awareness of the Pancasila state and nation. Pancasila education also aims to master the ability to think, be rational and dynamic as well as human intellectual liberal. .